You can actually sorta do this.
If you go to the transfer market, and see players that you like, you can bookmark them. Then once they are sold you can go to their profile page and look on their history to see how much they were purchased for.
Of course, their stats are hidden by that stage, but if you really wanted to, take screen caps when they are for sale!
Ive done that in past, for this exact reason, to make sure future players im buying are priced accordingly.